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Forklift Starter and Alternator
Forklift Starters and Alternators - The starter motor these days is normally either a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor that has a starter solenoid, which is similar to a relay mounted on it, or it can be a permanent-magnet composition. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically through a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion which is positioned on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion utilizing the starter ring gear which is found on the engine flywheel.
When the starter motor starts to turn, the solenoid closes the high-current contacts. When the engine has started, the solenoid consists of a key operated switch that opens the spring assembly so as to pull the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This allows the pinion to transmit drive in only a single direction. Drive is transmitted in this method via the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, for instance because the operator did not release the key once the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.
The actions mentioned above would prevent the engine from driving the starter. This vital step stops the starter from spinning so fast that it could fly apart. Unless modifications were made, the sprag clutch arrangement will prevent utilizing the starter as a generator if it was utilized in the hybrid scheme discussed prior. Typically a regular starter motor is designed for intermittent use that will preclude it being utilized as a generator.
Thus, the electrical parts are intended to be able to function for approximately under 30 seconds so as to avoid overheating. The overheating results from very slow dissipation of heat due to ohmic losses. The electrical components are intended to save cost and weight. This is the reason the majority of owner's handbooks used for vehicles suggest the operator to pause for a minimum of ten seconds right after each and every 10 or 15 seconds of cranking the engine, when trying to start an engine which does not turn over instantly.
The overrunning-clutch pinion was introduced onto the marked during the early 1960's. Previous to the 1960's, a Bendix drive was used. This particular drive system works on a helically cut driveshaft which consists of a starter drive pinion placed on it. When the starter motor begins turning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, thus engaging with the ring gear. Once the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear allows the pinion to go beyond the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and therefore out of mesh with the ring gear.
The development of Bendix drive was made during the 1930's with the overrunning-clutch design called the Bendix Folo-Thru drive, developed and launched in the 1960s. The Folo-Thru drive has a latching mechanism along with a set of flyweights within the body of the drive unit. This was better for the reason that the standard Bendix drive utilized to be able to disengage from the ring when the engine fired, though it did not stay running.
When the starter motor is engaged and starts turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. When the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, like for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and after that the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and allows the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, hence unwanted starter disengagement could be avoided previous to a successful engine start.
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